Column

A decorative, vertical support pillar, usually made of stone and having a cylindrical or polygonal shaft with a capital and usually a base (or pedestal), used to support a structure above it. In the Greek and Roman worlds, there were three main types of columns: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.

• Doric Column: A column with a simple, circular capital at the top and no base. The circular capital sometimes had a square cushion above it. It is the earliest type of column and has the simplest design.
• Ionic Column: A column with a capital that contains a volute (a decorative piece with spirals on each side, like a rolled scroll) and a round base. It is named after the region of Ionia (Greek settlements) on the West coast of modern-day Türkiye, where it originated.
• Corinthian Column: The last-developed and most ornate column of the classical orders of Greek and Roman architecture. The capital at the top of the column features Acanthus leaves and stalks, making it look like a basket of flowers. The base is typically round.